ZETETIC COSMOGONY:
OR
Conclusive Evidence
THAT THE WORLD IS NOT A
ROTATING—REVOLVING—GLOBE,
BUT
A STATIONARY PLANE CIRCLE.
By Thomas Winship
1899
(Post 25/47)
Sir Robert Ball, in his "Story of the Heavens," page 177, says:
"We find that by observing the swing (vibration) of a Pendulum at different parts of the earth, we are enabled to determine the shape of our globe."
This is perhaps one of the greatest fallacies of the globular school, and when looked at without prejudice, is sheer nonsense. A Vibrating Pendulum on a globe with various movements would move with the globe, and could not by any possibility record the movement of the globe to which its supports were fastened.
The following is from "Noad's Lectures on Chemistry," page 41:
"All the solid bodies with which we are surrounded are constantly undergoing changes of bulk, corresponding to the variations of temperature. . . . . . The expansion and contraction of metals by heat and cold form subjects of serious and careful attention to chronometer makers, as will appear by the following statements:—The length of the pendulum vibrating seconds, in vacuo, in the latitude of London (50° 31' 8" north) at the level of the sea, and at the temperature of 62° Fahr. has been ascertained with the greatest precision to be 39.13929 inches. Now, as the metal of which it is composed is constantly subject to variations of temperature it cannot but happen that its length is constantly varying, and when it is further stated that if the 'bob' be let down 1'100 of an inch, the clock will lose ten seconds in twenty-four hours; that the elongation of 1'1000 of an inch will cause it to lose one second per day; and that a change of temperature equal to 30° Fahr. will alter its length 1'5000 part, and occasion an error in the rate of going of eight seconds per day, it will appear evident that some plan must be devised for obviating so serious an inconvenience."
In the "Figure of the Earth," by J. Von Gumpach, we are informed as follows:
"General Sabine himself," relates Captain Foster, "was furnished with two invariable pendulums at precisely the same form and construction as those which had been employed by Captain Kater and myself. Both pendulums were vibrated at all the stations, but FROM SOME CAUSE, which Mr. Bailey was UNABLE TO EXPLAIN, the observations with one of them were SO DISCORDANT at South Shetland as to REQUIRE THEIR REJECTION."
The English Mechanic of 23rd October, 1896, has the following, signed by a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society:
"In reply to 'Foucault's Pendulum' (Query 89,090, p. 192), the plane of oscillation of the pendulum in latitude 5° would rotate in a retrograde direction at the rate of only 1.307336° per hour; in other words, it would take 11.4737 days, or about 11½ days, to complete its rotation. Hence, while it might theoretically be employed to show the earth's rotation, IN PRACTICE IT MUST FAIL TO DO SO."
"Iconoclast," writing in the Earth Review, for April-June, 1897, says (inter alia):
The so-called pendulum proof of the world's assumed rotation was obliged to be renounced years ago as worthless, by those who were in the best possible position to judge, as these few of numerous extracts show:
"The first position of these theorists is, that in a complete vacuum, beyond the sphere of the earth's atmosphere, a pendulum will continue to oscillate in one and the same original plane. On that supposition their whole theory is founded. In making this supposition the fact is overlooked that there is no vibratory motion unless through atmospheric resistance, or by force opposing impulse. Perpetual progress in rectilinear motion may be imagined, as in the corpuscular theory of light; circular motion may be also found in the planetary systems; and parabolic and hyperbolic motions in those of comets; but vibration is artificial and of limited duration. No body in nature returns the same road it went, unless artificially constrained to do so. The supposition of a permanent vibratory motion, such as is presumed in the theory advanced is unfounded in fact and absurd in idea; and the whole affair of this proclaimed discovery falls to the ground." "T." "Liverpool Mercury," May 23rd.
Again, in the same month, appears the following: "A scientific gentleman in Dundee recently tried the pendulum experiment, and concludes by saying, 'That the pendulum is capable of showing the earth's motion, I regard as a gross delusion. . . . ." Again, another asserts, "He and others had made many pendulum experiments, and had discovered that the plane of vibration had nothing whatever to do with the meridian longitude, nor with the earth's motion. . . . ."
In many instances experiments have however not even shown a change in the plane of oscillation of the pendulum; in others the alteration has been in the wrong direction; in fact, in numerous instances, the rates and directions have been altogether opposite to that which the theory indicated; a notable illustration of this was given publicly by the Rev. H. M. Jones, F.R.A.S., in 1851, at the Library Hall of the Manchester Athenaeum, where the diurnal rotation of the earth was to be attempted to be demonstrated by a delicately adjusted Pendulum; after giving, at length, a minute description of the arrangements and apparatus, we come to the admission, that the pendulum, on being released, travelled over a measured space in seven minutes, whereas, according to the theory, it ought to have taken fifteen minutes, or more, to accomplish the distance; and remember, this great difference was made without any allowance being made for the resistance of the air, which would be considerable. Anyone can verify this account by referring to the "Manchester Examiner Supplement" of May 24th, 1851.
By referring to "The Figure of the Earth," by J. Von Gumpach, 2nd edit., 1862, on pp. 219 to 244, results will be seen of Sixty-seven experiments with the Pendulum, made in every latitude North and Twenty-nine South of the Equator, by Captains Foster and Kayter, and General Sabine, all of which are admitted to be absolutely worthless for proving anything regarding the assumed motion of The World through space.
If such testimony is not enough to make Pendulum-proof worshipers think, they must either be as bigoted as it is possible to conceive, or as thick in the cranium as their globe. (End of "Iconoclast's" writing).
The vibrations of a pendulum, therefore, whatever value they may have in determining something as yet unknown, can have nothing to do with the supposed motions of the earth, and must be relinquished by every thinking man.
~ ~ ~
It's pronounced 'Fu-Ko'
"My findings about the Foucault pendulum may very well astonish you…The surprising truth is that all Foucault pendulums are fakes. Most of them are fakes because they are forced to do what they do, rather than doing what comes naturally, and all the rest of them are fakes insofar as they are used as proof of the earth’s [supposed] rotation. The only kind of Foucault pendulum which would not be a fake would be one that was free-swinging, operated properly, and either had no explanations, plaques or literature associated with it, or had such which plainly acknowledged that it cannot determine absolute rotation. I know of no such Foucault pendulum anywhere. The Foucault pendulum is a piece of scientific apparatus specifically designed and built to deceive and mislead. It is literally a “humbug”—a sham, a fake, a fraud, an artifice, a pretence, a hoax—and I believe it should be exposed as such. But the Foucault pendulum is more than a hoax. It is actually a religious propaganda tool." -- R.G. Elmendorf: A Critical Investigation of the Foucault Pendulum
<>
———
DEFINITE CONCLUSIONS OF SCIENCE.
A Popular Lecture proving that our Earth neither rotates upon its axis nor around the Sun.
Delivered at Berlin by Dr. Shoepfer.
———
Most of the aforementioned lecture is included in the appendix. It starts off by exposing the Foucault Pendulum, and brings to light the single most important observation that forces you to discard this so-called "proof" of a spinning earthball.
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